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Photometric Stereo Line Scan Solution

The Photometric Stereo Linelight (PSL) is an illumination system for line scan cameras in which the light is emitted at an angle from the front surface (‘oblique beam’). The light was specially developed for capturing raw images for the photometric stereo approach.
Due to the high illumination intensity, in combination with the FPGA-based evaluation, it enables large-area, gapless inspection of demanding surfaces at high transport speeds.

Optical Concept

Alternative providers usually combine normal LEDs with simple deflection foils to change the beam angle. This leads to sub-optimal contrasts, as the beam direction is only slightly inclined and the ‘light cones’ overlap unfavourably in the tilting plane due to the large aperture angle. In contrast, each individual LED in the MST-PSL is tilted. The chosen arrangement allows lateral tilt angles of up to 60°, with 35° representing a good compromise between LED packing density and image contrast. At the same time, the lateral aperture angle of the individual LEDs is limited to ±10°. In addition, the light is focused by a rod lens in the transport direction, the position of which can be optimised for different working distances. The system easily achieves an irradiance of 2 kW/m² at a working distance of 100 mm. Further optimisations, such as adapted cooling and ‘over-flashing’ of the LEDs, should enable outputs of up to 3 kW/m² to be achieved. For the first product, the concept of a double light was chosen, in which two lighting directions share a heat sink. This simplifies mechanical integration with a fixed working distance and saves space, so that the system can be accommodated in an installation space of less than 400 mm.

Technical specifications

The developed internal LED driver theoretically supports power peaks of well over 0.5 kW per running metre per lighting direction and frequencies of over 50 kHz, which enables line frequencies of over 200 kHz. The MST-PSL does not require an external controller and only needs one signal and one supply line. The only requirement is a standard frame grabber from Basler, whose range of functions has been extended by MSTVision. It takes over the synchronised control of camera and lighting as well as the calculation of photometric stereo images without burdening the CPU.
As both parameterisation and image acquisition are carried out via the same standard interface (GenTL) of the frame grabber, software integration is extremely simple.
If required, additional illumination configurations such as transmitted light or special wavelengths can be added using standard components. The maximum data rate for image acquisition is determined exclusively by the CoaXPress interface and the line scan camera used. The Photometric Stereo Linescan Solution enables the processing of up to 3.6 GB/s.

Image of a pattern (3D print), curve image, height map (from top to bottom)

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